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Temperature data showing rapid warming in the by few decades, the latest data going up to 2021. According to NASA, 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest year since 1880, continuing a long-term tendency of rising global temperatures. The 8 most recent years have been the warmest. Credit: NASA's Goddard Establish for Space Studies

In Brief:

A consensus on climate change and its homo cause exists. Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals show that human activities are the primary cause of the observed climate-warming tendency over the past century.

Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals^one show that 97 percent or more of actively publishing climate scientists agree*: Climate-warming trends over the past century are extremely likely due to human activities. In addition, most of the leading scientific organizations worldwide have issued public statements endorsing this position. The following is a partial list of these organizations, along with links to their published statements and a selection of related resources.

AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES

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Statement on Climatic change from 18 Scientific Associations

"Observations throughout the world make it clear that climatic change is occurring, and rigorous scientific enquiry demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted past human activities are the chief driver." (2009)²

• 

  American Association for the Advancement of Scientific discipline

  "Based on well-established evidence, virtually 97% of climate scientists have concluded that human-caused climate change is happening." (2014)³

• 

  American Chemical Society

  "The Earth'southward climate is irresolute in response to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and particulate affair in the atmosphere, largely equally the event of human activities." (2016-2019)⁴

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  American Geophysical Union

  "Based on all-encompassing scientific evidence, information technology is extremely likely that human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases, are the ascendant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century. In that location is no alterative caption supported by convincing show." (2019)⁵

• 

  American Medical Association

  "Our AMA ... supports the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Modify'south fourth assessment report and concurs with the scientific consensus that the Earth is undergoing adverse global climate change and that anthropogenic contributions are significant." (2019)⁶

• 

  American Meteorological Social club

  "Enquiry has found a human influence on the climate of the by several decades ... The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that information technology is extremely likely that man influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century." (2019)⁷

• 

  American Physical Society

  "Earth's irresolute climate is a critical result and poses the take a chance of meaning environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe. While natural sources of climate variability are significant, multiple lines of evidence bespeak that human influences have had an increasingly dominant effect on global climate warming observed since the mid-twentieth century." (2015)⁸

• 

  The Geological Lodge of America

  "The Geological Society of America (GSA) concurs with assessments by the National Academies of Science (2005), the National Research Council (2011), the Intergovernmental Console on Climate Modify (IPCC, 2013) and the U.South. Global Change Research Program (Melillo et al., 2014) that global climate has warmed in response to increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases ... Human being activities (mainly greenhouse-gas emissions) are the ascendant cause of the rapid warming since the center 1900s (IPCC, 2013)." (2015)⁹

Science ACADEMIES

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International Academies: Joint Argument

"Climate alter is real. There volition always exist uncertainty in agreement a arrangement as complex every bit the world'south climate. However there is now stiff testify that significant global warming is occurring. The evidence comes from directly measurements of rising surface air temperatures and subsurface bounding main temperatures and from phenomena such every bit increases in boilerplate global bounding main levels, retreating glaciers, and changes to many physical and biological systems. It is likely that most of the warming in recent decades can exist attributed to human activities (IPCC 2001)." (2005, 11 international science academies)¹⁰

• 

  U.S. National Academy of Sciences

  "Scientists have known for some time, from multiple lines of evidence, that humans are changing Earth'south climate, primarily through greenhouse gas emissions."^xi

U.S. Government AGENCIES

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  U.S. Global Change Research Program

  "Earth's climate is at present changing faster than at whatever point in the history of modern civilization, primarily every bit a result of man activities." (2018, xiii U.Due south. authorities departments and agencies)¹²

INTERGOVERNMENTAL BODIES

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• 

  Intergovernmental Console on Climatic change

  "Warming of the climate organization is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snowfall and water ice have diminished, and sea level has risen."¹³

  "Homo influence on the climate arrangement is articulate, and recent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are the highest in history. Recent climate changes accept had widespread impacts on human and natural systems."¹⁴

OTHER Resources

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Listing of Worldwide Scientific Organizations

The following folio lists the nearly 200 worldwide scientific organizations that concur the position that climate change has been caused past man action.
http://www.opr.ca.gov/facts/list-of-scientific-organizations.html

U.S. Agencies

The following folio contains information on what federal agencies are doing to adapt to climate change.
https://www.c2es.org/site/assets/uploads/2012/02/climate-modify-accommodation-what-federal-agencies-are-doing.pdf

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*Technically, a "consensus" is a general agreement of opinion, simply the scientific method steers us abroad from this to an objective framework. In science, facts or observations are explained by a hypothesis (a argument of a possible explanation for some natural phenomenon), which can then be tested and retested until it is refuted (or disproved).

Equally scientists gather more observations, they will build off one explanation and add details to complete the motion picture. Eventually, a grouping of hypotheses might be integrated and generalized into a scientific theory, a scientifically adequate general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena.

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References​

1. J. Melt, et al, "Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming," Environmental Research Letters Vol. 11 No. 4, (13 April 2016); DOI:ten.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002

   Quotation from page 6: "The number of papers rejecting AGW [Anthropogenic, or human-caused, Global Warming] is a miniscule proportion of the published enquiry, with the percentage slightly decreasing over fourth dimension. Amongst papers expressing a position on AGW, an overwhelming pct (97.2% based on self-ratings, 97.ane% based on abstract ratings) endorses the scientific consensus on AGW."

   J. Cook, et al, "Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature," Environmental Research Letters Vol. 8 No. two, (fifteen May 2013); DOI:ten.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024024

   Quotation from folio iii: "Amidst abstracts that expressed a position on AGW, 97.1% endorsed the scientific consensus. Amid scientists who expressed a position on AGW in their abstract, 98.4% endorsed the consensus."

   Due west. R. L. Anderegg, "Expert Credibility in Climate Modify," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 107 No. 27, 12107-12109 (21 June 2010); DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003187107.

   P. T. Doran & Thousand. K. Zimmerman, "Examining the Scientific Consensus on Climatic change," Eos Transactions American Geophysical Marriage Vol. 90 Issue three (2009), 22; DOI: 10.1029/2009EO030002.

   Northward. Oreskes, "Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change," Science Vol. 306 no. 5702, p. 1686 (3 Dec 2004); DOI: 10.1126/science.1103618.

2. Statement on climatic change from 18 scientific associations (2009)
3. AAAS Board Statement on Climatic change (2014)
4. ACS Public Policy Argument: Climate Change (2016-2019)
5. Society Must Accost the Growing Climate Crunch Now (2019)​
6. Global Climate change and Human Health (2019)
7. Climate Change: An Information Statement of the American Meteorological Lodge (2019)
8. APS National Policy 07.1 Climatic change (2015)
9. GSA Position Statement on Climate Modify (2015)
10. Articulation scientific discipline academies' statement: Global response to climatic change (2005)
11. Climate at the National Academies
12. Fourth National Climate Assessment: Volume II (2018)
13. IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, Summary for Policymakers (2014)
14. IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, Summary for Policymakers (2014)

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Source: https://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus/

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